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French to English: Etude en Cholestéatome General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - French Le Cholestéatome est une otite moyenne chronique dangereuse en raison de ses risques évolutifs et de ses complications potentiellement graves. Chez l’enfant, il se présente sous deux formes, le cholestéatome acquis, proche de la forme de l’adulte et le cholestéatome congénital. Son diagnostic clinique est souvent moins aisé en raison des difficultés de l’examen otoscopique, il présente une plus grande agressivité, responsable d’une extension importante et d’un taux plus élevé de cholestéatomes résiduels et de récidives.
Notre travail est une étude rétrospective, portant sur 18 cas d’otites moyennes chroniques cholestéatomateuses chez l’enfant, colligé au service d’ORL de l’Hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl de Meknès, durant la période allant de janvier 2014 à décembre 2016. Il a consisté en une analyse épidémiologique, clinique, paraclinique, thérapeutique et évolutive.
Translation - English Cholesteatoma is a chronic otitis media that is dangerous because of its evolving risks and potentially complications. In children, it occurs in two forms, the acquired cholestéatoma, close to the form of the adult and the congenital cholestéatoma. Its clinical diagnosis is often less easy because of the difficulties of the otoscopic examination, it is more aggressive, responsible for a significant extension and a higher rate of residual cholesteatomas and recurrences.
This work is a retrospective study of 18 cases of cholestatomatous chronic middle ear otitis in children, collected at the ENT department of the Military Hospital Moulay Ismail of Meknes, during the period from January 2014 to December 2016. It consists of an epidemiological, clinical, para-clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary analysis.
English to Arabic: https://www.ted.com/talks/lawrence_lessig_we_the_people_and_the_republic_we_must_reclaim/transcript?language=ar#t-34639 General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - English Once upon a time, there was a place called Lesterland. Now Lesterland looks a lot like the United States. Like the United States, it has about 311 million people, and of that 311 million people, it turns out 144,000 are called Lester. If Matt's in the audience, I just borrowed that, I'll return it in a second, this character from your series. So 144,000 are called Lester, which means about .05 percent is named Lester. Now, Lesters in Lesterland have this extraordinary power. There are two elections every election cycle in Lesterland. One is called the general election. The other is called the Lester election. And in the general election, it's the citizens who get to vote, but in the Lester election, it's the Lesters who get to vote. And here's the trick. In order to run in the general election, you must do extremely well in the Lester election. You don't necessarily have to win, but you must do extremely well.
Now, what can we say about democracy in Lesterland? What we can say, number one, as the Supreme Court said in Citizens United, that people have the ultimate influence over elected officials, because, after all, there is a general election, but only after the Lesters have had their way with the candidates who wish to run in the general election. And number two, obviously, this dependence upon the Lesters is going to produce a subtle, understated, we could say camouflaged, bending to keep the Lesters happy. Okay, so we have a democracy, no doubt, but it's dependent upon the Lesters and dependent upon the people. It has competing dependencies, we could say conflicting dependencies, depending upon who the Lesters are. Okay. That's Lesterland.
Translation - Arabic كان يا ما كان كانت هناك بلاد تسمى لسترلاند تشبه لسترلاند كثيراً الولايات المتحدة كالولايات المتحدة, تعدادها السكاني يبلغ 311 مليون نسمة تقريباً ومن أصل 311 مليون شخص يوجد 144,000 شخص يدعون لستر. إذا كان ماتس بين الحضور, فقط إستعرتها وسأعيدها خلال ثواني , هذه الشخصية الكرتونية من حلقاتك. إذاً 144,000 شخص يدعون لستر, ويعني ذلك 0.05 بالمائة يدعون لستر. اللستريون في لسترلاند لديهم سلطة إستثنائية, في كل دورة إنتخابية يوجد نوعين من الإنتخابات في لسترلاند. إحداهن تسمى بالإنتخابات العامة. والأخرى تسمى إنتخابات لستر. في الإنتخابات العامة, المواطنون هم من لديهم الحق في الإقتراع, لكن في إنتخابات لستر فإن اللستريون هم من لديهم الحق في الإقتراع. وهنا تكمن الحيلة. ولكي تترشح للإنتخابات العامة, عليك أن تبلي بلاءاً حسناً في إنتخابات لستر. ليس بالضرورة أن تكسب، لكن عليك أن تبلي بلاء حسناً.
والآن ماذا نستطيع أن نقول عن الديمقراطية في لسترلاند؟ ما نستطيع قوله، أولاً, كما قالت المحكمة العليا في قضية منظمة مواطنون متحدون, أن للمواطنين التأثير المطلق على المسؤولين الذين يتم إنتخابهم, لأن، على أيٍّ ، هناك إنتخابات عامة. لكن فقط بعد أن يقوم اللستريون بإختيار المرشحين الراغبين في خوض الإنتخابات العامة. ثانياً, من الواضح, أن هذا الإعتماد على اللستريين سينتج إنحراف دقيق، مقَلل من قيمته و يمكننا ان نصفه حتى بالمُموَّه لإبقاء اللستريين سعداء. حسناً; إذا, لدينا ديمقراطية ,من دون أي شك, لكنها تعتمد على اللستريين وتعتمد على الشعب. إنها تابعة لاطراف متنافسة بإمكاننا أن نسميها اطراف متعارضة تعتمد على من هم اللستريين. حسنا.. هذه هي لسترلاند.
English to French: Earthworms and Soil: impact and treatment. General field: Science Detailed field: Agriculture
Source text - English The study was conducted at the PPO LElystad experimental farm of Apllied Plant Research UR, in the Netherlands, in a polder reclaimed in 1957 (52◦ 31' N, 5 ◦ 29'E). The daily mean temperature ranged from 2 ◦C in winter to 17 ◦c in summer months, and mean rainfall was 794mm per year during the study (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, 2013).
Soil tillage treatments were sampled in two parallel field experiments (conventional and organic farming) in this study. Conventional and organic farming systems had unique crop rotations with individual fields at a different phase of their rotation. Rotations contained mainly root and cereal crops, although grass and cabbage were also included in organic farming. Cover crops were growing during fallow periods when feasible. Conventional fields received yearly synthetic fertilizer applications and were treated bi-weekly with herbicides during the growing season.
Organic fields received yearly cow manure (Solid or slurry) applications of 20-40 t ha-1 yr-1. Organic field A in autumn 2010 did not receive manure because of the reduced nitrogen required by the following leguminous crop (wheat/faba). Tillage treatments received the same amounts of fertilizers and herbicides in conventional fields, or manure in organic fields. Organic fields received certification in 2004 and no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides have been used since 2002.
Translation - French L'étude a été menée à la ferme expérimentale PPO Lelystad des Recherche Appliquées sur les Plants UR, aux Pays-Bas, dans un polder récupéré en 1957 (52◦ 31 'N, 5 ◦ 29'E). La température moyenne quotidienne variait de 2 ◦C en hiver à 17 ◦ C pendant les mois d'été, et les précipitations moyennes étaient 794mm par an durant l'étude (Institut royal météorologique des Pays-Bas, 2013).
Traitements de labour de sol ont été prélevés dans deux expériences parallèles sur le terrain (de l'agriculture conventionnelle et biologique) en cette étude (Fig1). Systèmes agricoles conventionnelles et biologiques avaient des rotations de récolte uniques dans des champs particuliers à une phase différente de leur rotation (Table1). Les rotations contenaient principalement des cultures de racines et de céréales, même si l'herbe et le chou ont également été inclus dans l'agriculture biologique. Les cultures de couverture ont été de plus en plus au cours des périodes de jachère lorsque cela était possible. Les champs conventionnels recevaient des applications annuelles d'engrais synthétiques et ont été traités deux fois par semaine avec des herbicides au cours de la saison de croissance.
Les champs biologiques recevaient annuellement une application du fumier de vache (solides ou en suspension) de 20-40 t ha_1 an_1. Le champ organique A n'a pas reçu de fumier a l'automne de 2010 en raison de l'azote réduit requis par les légumineuse suivante (blé / féverole). Traitements de travail du sol ont reçu les mêmes quantités d'engrais et d'herbicides aux champs conventionnels, ou de fumier aux champs biologiques. Les champs biologiques ont reçu un certificat en 2004 et pas d'engrais ou de pesticides synthétiques ont été utilisés depuis 2002.
English to Arabic: Pixels (product localization) General field: Marketing Detailed field: Advertising / Public Relations
Source text - English Have you ever took a second to watch a child while he plays with pixels and cubes ?
If you did ,you will notice how organised he is when he puts them together and how gentle his touch is while moving them from a place to another one ,and how he tries his best to put them into groups and to form different shapes out of them…etc,
For parents it seems as a fun activity for the kid . However, pixels and cubes are considered one of the first tools that helps kids to learn in their early age as well as being able to learn some movement skills and new concepts. And what makes pixels and cubes even easier and fun to use is the wide color option that gives the kid the opportunity to express himself even more.
Translation - Arabic إذا كنت قد شاهدت سابقا طفل يلعب بالبكسلز والمكعبات فستلاحظ انه يرصفها بلمسة إبداعية بجانب بعضها بدقة، ينقلها من مكان إلى آخر، يضعها في مجموعات ، ينظمها على هيئة دوائر, مثلثات, ...إلخ
بالنسبة لأولياء أمور الأطفال فإن لعب طفلهم لا يبدو وكأنه نوع من أنواع الأنشطة التعليمية ولكن في الواقع .. فإن البكسلز والمكعبات تعتبر من أدوات التعلم المبكرة وجانب مهم في تعليم الطفل العديد من المفاهيم والمهارات الحركية والعقلية ، وبما أنها تأتي بألوان مختلفة فإنها أيضا تساعد الأطفال على التعلم باستخدام حواسهم وكذلك فإن أهم ما تقدمه لهم هو تمكينهم من التعبير عن شخصياتهم ومشاعرهم
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