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Mar 21, 2022 09:34
2 yrs ago
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French term

embu

French to English Art/Literary Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting
Can anyone enlighten me as to the English translation for this word in art terms please? Wiktionnaire gives this definition but I don't know what the word would be in English.

embu ɑ̃.by masculin

(Art) Ternissement des couleurs sur un tableau.
Il y a des embus dans ce tableau.

Thanks in advance.

Discussion

Anne McDowall (asker) Mar 30, 2022:
Thanks all for your suggestions. I'm going to close this post without selecting a 'right' translation as it several options would work in different contexts.
Mpoma Mar 22, 2022:
Garouste Aha: https://art.moderne.utl13.fr/2015/10/cours-du-12-octobre-201...

So these are the actual words of Gérard Garouste, painter, currently in his 70s. I obviously can't know whether you are translating that article or the book these words are taken from.

With this as context it is clear enough to me that Garouste is talking about 4 examples of deliberate techniques: impasto, depth, transitions (presumably) and ... what?

"Sinking-in" wouldn't then be appropriate because it is always an unintended phenomenon. Here this is something else. To me the only real possibility is that he is using the term as shorthand for something which looks like sinking-in but is an imitation of it.

And the context of the linked article really confirms this: "la remise à jour de la ‘peinture historique’ ... Garouste ... ne se contente pas simplement de les copier. Il prolonge plutôt l’histoire de la peinture classique en lui apportant une modernité singulière, créant ainsi son propre vocabulaire pictural."

The real meaning thus has to be something like "sinking-in effects", as it's deliberate.
Anne McDowall (asker) Mar 21, 2022:
More context I should have given more context. Here is the sentence in French:
Il y a d’abord une cohérence très classique et j’enfreins ensuite la règle à l’intérieur d’une notion classique, sans jamais toucher ce qui serait hors des normes de la peinture à l’huile, en jouant avec toutes les ficelles de la peinture classique du XVIIIe siècle et de son vocabulaire : les empâtements, les profondeurs, les passages, les embus.
Anne McDowall (asker) Mar 21, 2022:
@Robert Thank you!

Proposed translations

+2
6 mins

faded area

Faded area
Peer comment(s):

agree Anastasia Kalantzi : Justement! embuer veut dire en Anglais : cover in mist, envelop, shroud something in mist. Mais... il y a aussi le verbe "s'emboire (peinture, devenir terne): painting = fade, dull.
1 hr
agree Mpoma : Possibly, yes. It seems likely that the writer is using this term in an unconventional way: in listing it with 3 other "techniques" this strongly suggests that it is viewed as a "technique".
1 day 3 hrs
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+4
11 mins

sinking (in)

This article might be useful to you. “Alcohol varnishes are not used in oil painting; but there is one of them which is too frequently made use of on account of its being convenient; viz.—Soehnée retouching varnish. It does not mix with colours, and it is only used to get out an embu. [Author’s Note: Embu is equivalent to the English word sinking. It means a part of the picture where the painting is dull owing to the foundation having absorbed in the oil.] This varnish is absolutely pernicious, because it has a basis of gum lac [shellac] and being altogether insoluble in oil the coatings of colour are thus separated into isolated flakes, making of the picture a mass of leaves without adhesion. Essence varnishes have all one great drawback: they do not evaporate completely, but leave a viscous and coloured residue besides the resins with which those varnishes are made.” https://www.naturalpigments.eu/artist-materials/sinking-in-o...

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Note added at 15 mins (2022-03-21 09:49:49 GMT)
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Here are some other terms: “ Artists call it different names, sinking-in, dead spots, ghosting, blotchiness, and it can be one of the biggest frustrations for oil painters.” https://mysketchjournal.com/why-oil-paintings-get-dull-spots...

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Note added at 17 mins (2022-03-21 09:51:42 GMT)
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I don’t know the context. But have added a number of other terms used (incl. sinking-in), so I don’t think it is necessarily too technical.

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Note added at 20 mins (2022-03-21 09:54:59 GMT)
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Your context makes it clear that the author is referring to very specific terms in use in painting since the 18th century, so, yes, use the correct art historical terminology, as given here, I would say.

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Note added at 1 hr (2022-03-21 11:21:39 GMT)
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Just to be clear, I would not suggest using the French term here.
Note from asker:
Thanks Helen. But would 'sinking in' be readily understood in this context, or would it be better to stick with the French word 'embu'? In the context, which I should have given (I'll add it), I don't know whether this might be a bit too technical.
Peer comment(s):

agree Bourth : I see the ugly question of whether something should be dumbed down in English because a technical term is used in French has been raised again. More in References.
1 hr
Thanks, CadastreToulous. Yes, painters learn the technical terms of their trade. No need at all for dumbing down here.
agree Cyril Tollari
1 hr
Thanks, Cyril
neutral philgoddard : Well researched as always, but now that we have the context, isn't this a deliberate effect rather than something going wrong? And if this is written for a general readership, Anne may be right that it's too technical.
2 hrs
No, I don’t think so. It is a standard art historical term that, as the source states, has been around since the 18th century./It literally lists the technical terms in French! And, as my 2nd ref makes clear, it is in common use amongst living artists.
agree writeaway
4 hrs
Thanks, writeaway
agree Samuël Buysschaert
5 hrs
Thanks, Samuël
agree Rachel Fell
5 hrs
Thanks, Rachel
disagree Mpoma : We can't really tell (yet) from the context whether this really is about a defect in the painting. It seems pretty unlikely. I've asked for more context... / I don't care what you call yourself, this doesn't work / You're pretty rude yourself
1 day 2 hrs
I’m an art historian, Mpoma. Sorry you chose to disagree but this is the correct terminology. I don’t need any further context./How rude you are./Where precisely?
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1 day 7 hrs

sinking-in effects

See my discussion post.

These are words spoken by the painter Gérard Garouste, see this link: https://art.moderne.utl13.fr/2015/10/cours-du-12-octobre-201...

It is clear the reference is to a deliberate technique, one of four mentioned techniques which must all be consistent with "sans jamais toucher à ce qui serait hors des normes de la peinture à l’huile" (see link).

The painter is in effect talking in a kind of shorthand, not completely atypical of arty, flowery French art-speak. It's still quite strange, but this is the only solution which works.
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Reference comments

1 hr
Reference:

prosciugated, sunk in

Yes, you'll find texts that explain that 'embu' means 'turned dark' or "turned matt', but 'emboire' is a technical term in painting that the Frenchman in the street probably won't understand. Presumably painters will. And presumably English-speaking painters will understand the technical equivalents, probably 'sinking in', which pretty much says what has happened, rather more than, if you really wanted to blind 'em with science, 'prosciugated'.


"The absorbency of the ground seems to have been both feared (because of the problem of SINKING IN) and desired (because it kept the colors fresh) . [ ... ] The SINKING IN of colors, Symonds's "PROSCIUGARE," seems to be linked in their minds to the poor drying of the ground, either because the commercial primer left out the lead white for economy's sake (18), which seems to reduce the porosity of the paint film, or because it had not dried sufficiently before the painting was executed. [ ... ] The difficulties of this "new" oil medium continued to trouble La Hire, however, especially the problem of the sinking of the paint layer, particularly in dark colors. He disapproved of those painters who did not apply sufficient layers of paint, finishing with what he considered only an ebauche (sketch), using little pigment and lots of oil, as if painting a glaze. If there was not sufficient paint in the upper layers, he warned, the top paint layer would sink into the layer underneath, a process he called emboire. Emboire was caused by painting on a ground that had not dried sufficiently, or painting on a stillwet paint layer, or using excessive oil, especially oil of turpentine."
https://www.getty.edu/publications/resources/virtuallibrary/...

"On the question of whether or not the colours of a painting would turn matt or 'PROSCIUGATED', Canini replied that they would not, 'because the first sbozzo was so p.fectly dry. "
https://www.academia.edu/37305837/Artists_Inventories_and_th...


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Note added at 1 hr (2022-03-21 11:09:53 GMT)
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Here 'sunk in' - or at least a remedial technique - is explained to learners, so it must be known to those of an artistic bent.
"Oiling out (A technique used in oil painting when the oil SINKS INTO the lower layers of a painting, leaving the top layers lacking vitality.
Often SINKING occurs in patches, rather than over the whole painting due to varied drying times of the paints used (some colours dry faster than others).
Oiling out is not a technique which beginners should be worried about. It is more of an advanced technique and is not a necessary part of learning how to paint. It is however, a useful technique once one becomes more advanced with oils.
In practice, oiling out would involve dabbing a very thin amount of artist quality oil medium over the areas of the painting which have SUNK IN using a fine cloth. This should only be done once the painting is dry to touch, as you do not want any mixing of the colours. If you are a beginner and the drying/ uneven tones are messing with your ability to properly assess values and tones, then watch this first to get a better understanding. If you don't have or don't want to use linseed oil, you can also use galkyd and a brush, and only put a small amount on your brush.)"
https://www.kitkingart.com/techniques

"A satin picture varnish was chosen for this project. You can see that there are some places where the paint is slightly SUNK IN, mostly in dark areas. There appears to be an uneven surface."
https://artradarjournal.com/2021/11/17/what-did-picasso-hide...
Peer comments on this reference comment:

agree Helen Shiner : Good refs.
15 mins
agree Cyril Tollari
27 mins
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