Well, diagnostic = diagnosis in medical terminology

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Model-based diagnosis or reasoning from first principles ...
by B Peischl - 2003 - Cited by 27 - Related articles
for computer-supported diagnosis and testing. Model-based diagnosis deals with repre- senting the knowledge about technical systems' structure and behavior ...
ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/9670/27031/01200725.pdf
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Method For Model-Based Diagnosis Of A Mechatronic System - Patent ...
[0001]The present invention relates to a method for model-based diagnosis of a mechatronic system, a diagnostic system, a computer program, and a computer ...
www.faqs.org/patents/app/20090187303 - Cached
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A model-based diagnosis tool to evaluate the water stress ...
by A Pellegrino - 2006 - Cited by 13 - Related articles
It was coupled to a water balance model to simulate FTSW. The computer-based diagnosis tool was used to characterise the seasonal changes of the indicator ...
linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1161030106000517 - Similar

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Note added at 7 mins (2010-05-21 08:56:53 GMT)
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Model-based Software Debugging « Advanced Computing Research ...
Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment ... Model-based debugging is the application of model-based diagnosis techniques to ...
acrc.unisa.edu.au/groups/.../model-based-software-debugging/ - Cached - Similar

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Note added at 10 mins (2010-05-21 08:59:49 GMT)
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Consistency-based diagnosis using dynamic models
by A Watkins - Cited by 2 - Related articles
cIRcle - Home cIRcle - UBC's Information Repository ... These advantages stem from the fact that MBD uses system models that capture underlying ... Together, cc and tec form a new approach to modelbased diagnosis that is declarative, ...
https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/9805 - Cached

By the way

I did see one reference to "model-based diagnosis AND reasoning"

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Note added at 5 hrs (2010-05-21 14:18:55 GMT)
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X2010
may have a point

Uncertainty computations in model-based diagnostics - AUTOTESTCON ...
by JW Sheppard - 1991 - Cited by 7 - Related articles
model-based diagnostic reasoning system that handles inaccurate, incomplete, and conflicting data. We briefly describe the computational methods used in ...
ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/502/5046/00197552.pdf?arnumber=197552