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Glossary entry

Polish term or phrase:

korzenie włoskowate

English translation:

root hairs

Added to glossary by literary
Dec 26, 2014 14:59
9 yrs ago
1 viewer *
Polish term

korzenie włoskowate

Polish to English Science Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Geny kodujące enzymy w brodawkach doprowadzają do ich infekcji
Patrz:
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizobium
w pkt. 4 są inaczej nazwane, ale o to chyba chodzi
bakterie brodawkowe, rośliny motylkowe
Proposed translations (English)
2 root hair
3 capillary roots
References
root hair
Change log

Dec 26, 2014 14:59: changed "Kudoz queue" from "In queue" to "Public"

Discussion

Jacek Kloskowski Dec 26, 2014:
Nitrogen fixation. The principal reservoir of nitrogen on earth is the atmosphere, which contains about 80 percent nitrogen. In the process of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is used to form ammonia by the chemical process of reduction. Nitrogen fixation is performed by free-living bacteria as well as by bacteria growing in symbiosis with leguminous plants (plants that bear their seeds in pods, such as peas, beans, alfalfa, clover, and soybeans).

Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by species of Rhizobium inhabiting the roots of leguminous plants in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship. These Gram-negative bacteria penetrate the root hairs and form an infection thread that becomes a root nodule. Here the bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen, while deriving nutrients from the plant.

http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/biology/microbiology/soi...
Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. Dec 26, 2014:
Thanks, geopiet. I did not see korzenie włoskowate in that sentence.
geopiet Dec 26, 2014:
re: In what context Geny kodujące enzymy w brodawkach doprowadzają do ich infekcji

"infection" does not appear to be beneficial in any context :)
Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. Dec 26, 2014:
@literary: In what context are korzenie włoskowate mentioned? Is this considered beneficial?

Proposed translations

28 mins
Selected

root hair

A root hair, the rhizoid of a vascular plant, is a tubular outgrowth of a trichoblast, a hair-forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root. As they are lateral extensions of a single cell and only rarely branched, they are invisible to the naked eye. They are found only in the region of maturation of the root.
(...)
Function
The function of root hairs is to collect water and mineral nutrients present in the soil and take this solution up through the roots to the rest of the plant. As root hair cells do not carry out photosynthesis they do not contain chloroplasts.

Formation
Root hair cells are outgrowths at a tip of the plants roots. Root hair cells vary between 15 and 17 micrometres in diameter, and 80 to 1,500 micrometres in length. [1] They are found only in the zone of maturation, and not the zone of elongation, possibly because any root hairs that arise are sheared off as the root elongates and moves through the soil.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_hair#
Note from asker:
root hair = włośnik (słownik techniczny)
włośnik korzeniowy = root hair (sł. rolniczy)
włoski korzeniowe = root-hairs (Czekierda)
ability of rhizobia to grow around and infect root hairs http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-6923-0_138#page-1
wpisanie w Google Scholar: rhizobia "infect root hairs" daje przekonujące wyniki
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "OK"
13 mins

capillary roots

Proposition, based on the meaning of włoskowate.

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Note added at 2 hrs (2014-12-26 17:39:18 GMT)
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In the method utilizing the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium, the target gene is introduced into a plant host by utilizing the characteristic that, upon infection of plants by bacteria belonging to the genus Agrobacterium, a part of the plasmid DNA of the bacteria is transferred into the plant genome. Among the bacteria belonging to the genus Agrobacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plants and forms tumors referred to as crown galls. Agrobacterium rhizogenes infects plants to generate capillary roots.
http://www.google.com/patents/US20090282582

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These bacteria increase lateral and capillary roots
and their intake level for water and nutrients by changing of root
system morphology and physiology
http://world-food.net/download/journals/2012-issue_3&4/78.pd...

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Note added at 2 hrs (2014-12-26 17:43:45 GMT)
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rhizogenes infects a plant, it incites generation of a capillary root.
http://www.google.com/patents/US20050091711
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Note added at 2 hrs (2014-12-26 17:46:34 GMT)
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Capillary comes from the Latin word capillaris, meaning "of or resembling hair." The meaning stems from the a tiny, hairlike diameter of a capillary. While capillary is usually used as a noun, the word also is used as an adjective, as in "capillary action," in which a liquid is moved along — even upward, against gravity — as the liquid is attracted to the internal surface of the capillaries.

http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/capillary
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Reference comments

43 mins
Reference:

root hair

Nod gene expression is induced by the presence of certain flavonoids in the soil, which are secreted by the plant to attract the bacteria. These chemicals induce the formation of NodD, which in turn activates other genes involved in the expression of nod factors and their secretion into the soil. Nod factors induce root-hair curling such that it envelops the bacterium. This is followed by the localized breakdown of the cell wall and the invagination of the plant cell membrane, allowing the bacterium to form an infection thread and enter the root hair - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nod_factor
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